Factor Pairs and Arrays

Factor Pairs and Arrays

What students learn

Students learn that a factor pair is two numbers that multiply to make the same product. Open with Factor Pairs Multiply to Make the Number to see the idea in action, then move to Factor Pairs List Every Matching Pair to practice finding all the pairs.

Why it matters

Arrays make factor pairs visible. When students see rows and columns in a picture, they can spot the factor structure instead of treating multiplication like a random fact. Arrays Show the Factor Structure Clearly gives that picture.

Learn the idea

If 3 times 4 equals 12, then 3 and 4 are a factor pair for 12. If a different row-and-column picture also makes 12, that picture gives another factor pair. Students can use arrays to check whether they found every pair.

Try it

Have the student build arrays for 12, 16, and 20 using counters, coins, or drawings. Ask them to write each factor pair and explain how the rows and columns prove the answer.

Parent guide

Encourage the student to say the multiplication sentence before they write it. If they miss a pair, ask whether turning the array would reveal the same factors in a new order.